Understanding the Causes of Seizures in Children and How to Manage Them

Seizures in children can be a frightening experience for parents and caregivers. However, understanding the causes and knowing how to respond can help manage the situation effectively. In this article, we’ll explore the common reasons behind childhood seizures and the best ways to handle them.

Common Causes of Seizures in Children

Seizures occur due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Some of the most frequent causes in children include:

1. Febrile Seizures

   • Often triggered by high fever (usually above 38°C or 100.4°F), especially in children aged 6 months to 5 years.
   • While alarming, febrile seizures are usually harmless and rarely cause long-term damage.

2. Epilepsy

   • A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures without an obvious cause (e.g., fever or infection).
   • Requires medical diagnosis and long-term treatment.

3. Infections

   • Meningitis, encephalitis, or severe infections affecting the brain can trigger seizures.

4. Head Injuries

   • Trauma to the head from accidents or falls may lead to seizures.

5. Metabolic Imbalances

   • Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), electrolyte imbalances, or dehydration can provoke seizures.

6. Genetic Factors

   • Some children inherit a predisposition to seizures or epilepsy.

7. Congenital Disorders & Brain Abnormalities

   • Conditions present at birth, such as cerebral palsy or brain malformations, may increase seizure risk.

Recognizing Seizure Symptoms

Seizure symptoms vary but may include:

• Stiffening or jerking of limbs
• Loss of consciousness
• Temporary confusion or staring spells
• Sudden falls or unresponsiveness

What to Do If Your Child Has a Seizure

1. Stay Calm

   • Panicking won’t help—focus on keeping your child safe.

2. Lay Them on a Safe Surface

   • Move them away from sharp objects or furniture. Place them on their side to prevent choking.

3. Do Not Restrain or Put Anything in Their Mouth

   • Contrary to myth, children won’t swallow their tongues. Restraining them or inserting objects can cause injury.

4. Time the Seizure

   • If it lasts longer than 5 minutes, seek emergency help.

5. Monitor Breathing

   • If breathing stops or turns blue, call emergency services immediately.

6. After the Seizure

   • Let your child rest in a recovery position. They may be confused or sleepy afterward.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a pediatrician if:

• It’s your child’s first seizure.
• Seizures recur frequently.
• They experience seizures without fever.
• They have difficulty breathing or severe injuries during an episode.

Prevention and Treatment

• Febrile Seizures: Manage fever with medication (e.g., paracetamol) and cool compresses.
• Epilepsy: Anticonvulsant medications are often prescribed.
• Infections/Injuries: Treat underlying conditions promptly.
• Healthy Lifestyle: Ensure proper nutrition, hydration, and sleep to reduce triggers.

Final Thoughts

While seizures can be distressing, most are not life-threatening. Understanding the causes and proper first-aid measures empowers parents to respond effectively. Always consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment to ensure your child’s safety.