Yellow Eyes? Here’s What Might Be Causing It

Have you or someone you know noticed a yellowish tint in the whites of the eyes? This condition, medically known as jaundice or icterus, is a common sign that something may be going on inside the body—particularly related to the liver, gallbladder, or red blood cell breakdown.

While a slight yellow hue might seem minor, it’s often a visible clue pointing to an underlying health issue that deserves attention. In this article, we’ll explore what causes yellow eyes, when to see a doctor, and how it’s diagnosed and treated.

What Causes Yellow Eyes?

Yellow eyes occur when there’s an excess of a substance called bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced when old red blood cells are broken down. Normally, the liver processes bilirubin and excretes it through bile. But when the liver isn’t functioning properly or there’s an overload of red blood cell destruction, bilirubin builds up—and this can cause the skin and eyes to turn yellow.

Here are the most common causes of jaundice:

1. Liver Disorders

The liver plays a crucial role in processing bilirubin. Conditions that impair liver function can lead to jaundice, including:

• Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, or autoimmune)
• Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
• Liver cancer or fatty liver disease

2. Blocked Bile Ducts

If the bile ducts—which carry bile from the liver to the small intestine—are obstructed, bilirubin can’t be properly excreted. Causes include:

• Gallstones
• Pancreatic cancer
• Bile duct inflammation or tumors

3. Excessive Breakdown of Red Blood Cells (Hemolysis)

When red blood cells are destroyed too quickly—due to conditions like sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or certain infections—the liver may not be able to keep up with processing the resulting bilirubin.

4. Newborn Jaundice

It’s common for newborns, especially premature babies, to develop jaundice because their livers are still immature. In most cases, this is harmless and resolves on its own or with phototherapy.

5. Medications and Toxins

Certain drugs, including antibiotics, anti-seizure medications, and acetaminophen (in high doses), can damage the liver and lead to jaundice.

Symptoms to Watch For

Yellow eyes are rarely the only symptom. You may also experience:

• Yellowing of the skin
• Dark urine
• Pale or clay-colored stools
• Fatigue or weakness
• Abdominal pain or swelling
• Nausea or vomiting
• Itching (pruritus)
• Fever or chills

If jaundice is accompanied by any of these symptoms, especially abdominal pain or confusion, seek medical attention promptly.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Yellow eyes should never be ignored. While mild cases (especially in newborns) may resolve on their own, adult-onset jaundice is usually a sign of an underlying medical condition that needs evaluation.

Make an appointment with a healthcare provider if you:

• Notice yellowing of the eyes or skin
• Have persistent fatigue, abdominal pain, or digestive issues
• Are undergoing treatment with medications known to affect the liver

How Is Jaundice Diagnosed?

Your doctor will begin with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Blood tests (to measure bilirubin levels and assess liver function)
• Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to check the liver and bile ducts)
• In some cases, a liver biopsy may be recommended

Treatment: Addressing the Root Cause

There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for jaundice. Instead, therapy focuses on treating the underlying condition:

• Viral hepatitis may require antiviral medications.
• Gallstones might be managed with surgery or endoscopic procedures.
• Hemolytic anemia may need blood transfusions or immunosuppressive therapy.
• Newborn jaundice often improves with light therapy.

In mild cases, lifestyle changes—such as avoiding alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and staying hydrated—can support liver health and recovery.

Prevention Tips

While not all causes of jaundice are preventable, you can reduce your risk by:

• Getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B
• Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption
• Practicing safe food and water habits to prevent infections
• Using medications as directed and discussing liver health with your doctor
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce the risk of fatty liver disease

Final Thoughts

Yellow eyes are more than just a cosmetic concern—they’re a potential warning sign from your body. While jaundice can stem from a range of causes, from benign to serious, early detection and treatment are key to preventing complications.

If you notice yellowing of the eyes or skin, don’t wait. Consult a healthcare professional to determine the cause and get the appropriate care.

Your liver—and your health—will thank you.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.