Understanding the Various Causes of Right Lower Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain is a common complaint, and when it occurs in the right lower quadrant, it can signal a range of underlying conditions — some mild, others requiring urgent medical attention. Right lower abdominal pain should never be ignored, especially if it is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms. In this article, we'll explore the most common causes of pain in the lower right abdomen, their symptoms, and when to see a doctor.

1. Appendicitis – The Most Common Cause

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the large intestine. It is the leading cause of right lower abdominal pain requiring emergency surgery.

Symptoms include:

• Pain that begins near the navel and shifts to the lower right abdomen
• Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting
• Low-grade fever that may worsen as the condition progresses
• Abdominal bloating or constipation

Appendicitis is a medical emergency. If left untreated, the appendix can rupture, leading to a serious infection called peritonitis.

2. Ovarian Cysts (in Women)

Women may experience lower right abdominal pain due to ovarian cysts — fluid-filled sacs that form on or inside the ovaries. While many cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, larger or ruptured cysts can cause sharp, sudden pain.

Other symptoms may include:

• Bloating or swelling in the lower abdomen
• Pain during intercourse
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Pressure or fullness in the pelvic area

If a cyst ruptures or causes ovarian torsion (twisting), it may require immediate medical treatment.

3. Ectopic Pregnancy

For women of reproductive age, ectopic pregnancy — when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube — can cause severe lower abdominal pain, typically on one side.

Warning signs:

• Sharp, stabbing pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis
• Vaginal bleeding different from a normal period
• Shoulder pain (due to internal bleeding irritating the diaphragm)
• Dizziness or fainting

Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical intervention.

4. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Kidney Stones

Infections or stones in the urinary tract, particularly in the right kidney or ureter, can cause referred pain to the lower right abdomen.

Symptoms to watch for:

• Pain or burning during urination
• Frequent urge to urinate
• Cloudy, dark, or bloody urine
• Flank pain that radiates to the lower abdomen or groin

Kidney stones can cause intense, colicky pain that comes in waves and may require urgent care.

5. Gastrointestinal Infections or Inflammatory Conditions

Infections like gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease can also cause pain in the lower right abdomen.

• Crohn’s disease often affects the end of the small intestine (ileum), located in the lower right abdomen.
• Symptoms include chronic diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal cramps.
• Gastroenteritis, caused by viruses or bacteria, may lead to sudden onset of pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

6. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs, often stemming from untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It can cause lower abdominal pain, including on the right side.

Additional symptoms:

• Fever and chills
• Painful intercourse
• Abnormal vaginal discharge
• Irregular bleeding

Early treatment with antibiotics is essential to prevent complications like infertility.

When to See a Doctor

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe or worsening abdominal pain
• High fever
• Vomiting, especially if persistent
• Signs of shock (pale skin, rapid heartbeat, dizziness)
• Pregnancy with abdominal pain or bleeding

Mild, temporary discomfort may resolve on its own, but persistent or recurrent pain warrants a professional evaluation.

Final Thoughts

Right lower abdominal pain can stem from a variety of conditions — from minor digestive issues to life-threatening emergencies. Understanding the potential causes and recognizing warning signs can help you seek timely treatment and avoid complications. Never self-diagnose severe abdominal pain. Always consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.

Your health matters — listen to your body and act when something isn’t right.